LESSON 1:
PERSONALITY
The terms “Personality” is derived from the Latin word persona, which was the name given to the masks that actors wore and the characters they portrayed.
Each person has a unique and relatively stable, persisting organization of characteristics that go to make up his individual personality.
Cattell (1970) define, “personality is that which permits a prediction of what a person will do in a given situation”.
Eysenck (1971) says, “Personality is the more or less stable and enduring organization of a person’s character, temperament, intellect and physique, which determine his unique adjustment to the environment”.
LESSON 2:
Characteristics of Personality:
« Personality is self – consciousness
« It is through and through social
« It is dynamic
« It is the product of heredity and environment
« It is adjustable or modifiable
« It is unique
« It is integrated and functions as a whole
« It is assessable
LESSON 3:
PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY – FREUD
Psychoanalysis is a system or school of psychology was the brain child of Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), a Viennese Physician.
STRUCTURE OF THE PSYCHE OR MIND
Freud, divided (it the structure of human psyche or mind) in two different parts, first by arranging it into three layers as the conscious, the subconscious and the unconscious and second, by postulating three other components, ‘id’, ‘ego’ and ‘super ego’.
THE CONCEPT OF CONSCIOUS, SUBCONSCIOUS AND UNCONSCIOUS MIND:
If we were to compare the human mind to an ocean, pond or a river, then the upper layer or the surface would represent the conscious mind, the main bed would be identified with the subconscious, and the bottom would from the unconscious.
Conscious Mind:
v It occupies only one tenth of our total psyche or mental life.
v The ideas, thoughts and images (that we are aware of attitude any moment of our mental life) are said to lie within this upper layer of our mind.
Subconscious Mind:
In the subconscious mind there lie all experiences or knowledge which have been gained or learned by an individual through various types of experiences or training.
Unconscious Mind:
v It is related to the vast part of our mental life which is hidden and usually inaccessible to the conscious.
v It contains all the repressed wishes, desires, feelings, drives and motives, many of which relate to sex and aggression.
THE CONCEPT OF ID, EGO AND SUPER EGO
Id:
v The Id represents the animal in man and is seated in the un conscious.
v It is the source of mental energy and of all instinctive energy of the individual.
v It is present at birth and has the qualities of a spoiled child.
v Id is a quite selfish and unethical.
v It knows no reality, follows no rules.
v It considers only the satisfaction of its own needs and drives.
v It operates according to the pleasure principle.
Ego:
v The Ego develops out of the Id and acts as on intermediary between three sets of forces, i.e., the instinctive, irrational demands of the Id, realities of the external world and the ethical, moral demands of the super ego.
v It controls the Id in terms of reality and to appease the super ego.
Super Ego:
v It is the direct antithesis of Id and represents the ethical and normal aspect of the psyche.
v It is usually develop in the child attitude the age of five and is referred to as ‘conscience’, or the judgement from within.
v Like Id, it is also seated in the unconscious.
v It is idealistic in nature, and perfection is its goal, rather than pleasure- seeking or destruction.
LESSON 4:
Freud's psycho sexual theory
Freud’s Classification:
On the basis of his theory of libidinal development, he identified the following types of personality .
ORAL – EROTIC
At the oral stage of sex development, the child shows excessive pleasures associated with sucking, biting and other activities in infancy.
Oral active type:
This type of person is pessimistic and jealous.
Oral passive type:
This type of person is optimistic and immature.
ANAL – EROTIC
At the anal stage of sex development, the child obtains satisfaction through anal activities.
Sadistic type:
This type of person obtains pleasure by oppressing others.
Passive type:
This type of person obtains pleasure from self-torturing.
PHALLIC STAGE
The child obtains satisfaction from touching, rubbing and exhibiting genital organ. This type of person shows exhibitionism and boasting.
LATENCY PERIOD
This period is marked by a lack of interest in sex.
GENITAL STAGE
Coinciding with puberty and adolescence, marked by physical and sexual maturity is the stage known as the genital stage.
This lasts up to adult years.
No comments:
Post a Comment